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Miguel Alemán Valdés
Miguel Alemán Valdés ((:miˈɣel aleˈman); September 29, 1900〔(Official website of the Presideny of Mexico )〕 – May 14, 1983) served as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952. His administration was characterized by Mexico's rapid industrialization, but also for a high level of personal enrichment for himself and his associates.〔Howard F. Cline, ''Mexico: Revolution to Evolution 1940-1960''. New York: Oxford University Press pp. 157-58.〕
==Life==
Alemán was born in Sayula in the state of Veracruz〔''Current Biography 1946 Yearbook'', p9〕 as the son of General Miguel Alemán González and Tomasa Valdés Ledezma. As a child, he was not permitted to attend school in his home town, due to his father's political beliefs (he was a former revolutionary general), but he did study in other areas instead. He attended the National Preparatory School in Mexico City from 1920 to 1925, and then went to the National School of Law until 1928, completing his law degree with his thesis on occupational diseases and accidents among workers. As a successful attorney, his first practice was in representing miners suffering from silicosis. He won two notable legal victories in defending workers against corporations. The first was in securing compensation for dependents of railroad workers who were killed in revolutionary battles; the second was to gain indemnities for miners injured at work.〔Id.〕 These victories gained him great favor with Mexico's labor unions.
Representing the Party of the Mexican Revolution (an earlier name of the party later known as the PRI), he served as Senator from the state of Veracruz from 1934 to 1936. When Manlio Favio Altamirano, the governor-elect of Veracruz, was assassinated, Alemán accepted appointment as Governor of Veracruz from 1936 to 1939.〔(Lic. Miguel Alemán Valdés )〕 The appointment can be seen as a political reward from the Cárdenas administration for helping oust Plutarco Elías Calles during the intra-party struggle.〔Howard F. Cline, ''Mexico: Revolution to Evolution, 1940-1960.'' New York: Oxford University Press 1963, p. 158.〕 From 1940 to 1945, he served as Secretary of the Interior (Gobernación) under Manuel Ávila Camacho after directing Ávila's presidential campaign. As Secretary of the Interior during World War II, he dealt with Axis espionage and Sinarquistas,〔Cline, ''Mexico 1940-60'' p. 158.〕 whom some consider Mexican fascists.
Alemán was chosen as the official candidate of the party in 1945, running for President in 1946. He followed the pattern established by Lázaro Cárdenas's campaign in 1934, so that Alemán campaigned in all parts of the country, a means by which the candidate sees all areas of the republic and voters make contact with the candidate. He was the winner of the elections held on July 7 of that year, defeating former foreign minister Ezequiel Padilla. He became the first non-military candidate to win the presidency of Mexico, although he was the son of a revolutionary army general. His own skills within the party that brought him the post of Ministry of the Interior played a key role in his selection.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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